Cross testing of ionosphere models IRI-2001 and IRI-2007, data from satellite altimeters (Topex/Poseidon and Jason-1) and global ionosphere maps

In this study, we use a great body of statistical data covering the entire 23rd solar cycle to cross test data of satellite altimeters, Global Ionosphere Maps and the International Reference Ionosphere models, IRI-2001 and IRI-2007. It is revealed that experimental TEC values of the satellite altimeters regularly exceed the model ones by ∼3 TECU (1 TECU = 10¹⁶ m⁻²). The best possible value of difference between TECs obtained from altimeter and GIM-map data significantly differs for different laboratories: the maximum for CODG data falls on 2.5 TECU, ESAG – 3 TECU, JPLG – 0 TECU, UPCG – 2 TECU. The dependence of experimental and model data root-mean-square deviation on the F10.7 index is shown to be nearly linear. IRI-2001 and IRI-2007 relative errors are characterized by considerable 11-year and annual variations. Given the geomagnetic planetary index K_p under 7, IRI-2001 and IRI-2007 reproduce TEC in the ionosphere with an accuracy of ∼30% relative to measurement data from satellite altimeters. The amplitude of absolute error variations resulting from the difference in ionization enhancement between the model and the real ionosphere during the morning solar terminator transit is ∼5 TECU.     

Observations of the ozone and nitrogen dioxide profiles in the TROICA-4 experiment

To investigate the vast area of Russia, a mobile scientific facility based in a railway carriage was developed. It is capable to perform continues measurements being coupled in a passenger train traveling along railroads. It was first equipped with a spectrometer for remote sensing of ozone and nitrogen dioxide in the atmosphere for the transcontinental observations into the chemistry of the atmosphere-4 expedition performed from February 18 to March 5, 1998. A twilight DOAS method, which was applied for retrieval of the nitrogen dioxide profiles basing on spectral measurements at the visible wavelengths (434–451 nm), is described in the paper. Main features of a new algorithm for retrieval of the ozone profile and total content using the differential structure of the UV spectrum (310–335 nm) are presented. The ozone and nitrogen dioxide contents are obtained and shortly validated against available alternative data.     

Al含量对空心阴极等离子烧结Ti/Ni等原子比TiNiAl合金组织和力学性能的影响

 采用空心阴极等离子烧结工艺制备了Ti/Ni等原子比的Ti_50-x/2Ni_50-x/2Al_x(x=0,3,6,9)合金,研究了Al含量对合金微观组织以及力学性能的影响。结果表明:未添加铝的合金微观组织主要由NiTi基体、强化相Ti₂Ni、Ni₃Ti及孔隙组成;随着Al含量的提高,合金中Ti₂Ni(Al)数量不断增多,孔隙数量和孔径不断增加,Ni₃Ti(Al)数量不断减少,在Ti_45.5Ni_45.5Al₉中还生成了少量Ni₂TiAl相;合金的抗弯强度随Al含量的提高而增加,并在Al含量为6%时达到最大值296.3 MPa;合金的硬度随铝含量的提高而增加,Ti_45.5Ni_45.5Al₉的硬度值为295.6 HV。     

纤维增强热塑性塑料中纤维含量的精确调控

研究了双螺杆挤出机生产纤维增强热塑性塑料时,纤维股数、双螺杆转速、塑料喂料量与纤维含量的关系,通过调节此三个参数,纤维含量可精确控制在±0.1wt％的范围内.当主机螺杆转速和塑料喂料量,或纤维股数和塑料喂料量同时增加,挤出造粒产量将提高相同倍数,而纤维含量保持不变.本方法高效可行、精确可控,容易为操作者所掌握,特别适用于指导生产实践.     

调节角度对整流支板水滴撞击特性的影响

基于欧拉-拉格朗日法计算空气-水滴两相流场,获得了表面水滴撞击特性及撞击量,并对可调整流支板(调节角度0°和30°)的水滴撞击特性进行研究。计算结果表明:无论偏折角为0°还是30°,支板前缘处都有水滴收集,且沿着弦长方向局部收集率呈越来越小的趋势;而30°支板在偏折处也有水滴收集。同时分析了马赫数、液态水含量、水滴直径对水滴撞击特性的影响,随着来流马赫数、水滴直径的增大,水滴收集系数、撞击水量和撞击极限都是增加的;而随着液态水含量的增加,水滴收集系数和水滴撞击极限是不变的,而撞击水量却是增加的。     

液态水含量对防冰表面水膜流动换热的影响

为了研究液态水含量对防冰表面水膜流动换热的影响,基于机翼防冰表面水膜及空气相互作用机理,并考虑水膜表面传热传质过程,建立了水膜与空气的流动换热模型,得到溢流水膜及空气边界层流动换热的积分控制方程,通过对比文献试验结果验证了模型的准确性.在此基础上,比较了不同液态水含量条件下防冰表面水膜厚度及主要热流量的分布情况.结果表明:液态水含量对水膜沿表面厚度分布有明显影响,而对换热过程中各项热流的影响主要集中在水滴撞击区域,加热热流与散热热流随液态水含量的增加呈现相反的变化趋势.     

Present status of very high energy gamma ray observations

Recent results from observations of the southern sky objects are summarized. The unpulsed, persistent very high energy (VHE) emission from the gamma ray pulsars, the Crab and PSR1706-44, is discussed. A process of energetic electrons ejection may take place from a variety of other objects such as from X-ray binaries, similarly to the pulsars. Such an effect may be seen also in pair halos around extragalactic VHE gamma ray emitters, the observational study of which is still in a preliminary stage in the southern hemisphere.     

复合材料预浸带树脂含量的检测与过程监测技术

预浸带的树脂含量稳定性是保证复合材料制品质量的重要因素。本文综述了目前国内外有关预浸带树脂含量的检测技术现状，着重对间断检测和在线监测技术的研究进展和应用前景进行了分析。     

The GPS measured SITEC caused by the very intense solar flare on July 14, 2000

This work studies the sudden increases in total electron content of the ionosphere caused by the very intense solar flare on July 14, 2000. Total electron content (TEC) data observed from a Global Positioning System (GPS) network are used to calculate the flare-induced TEC increment, δTEC_f, and variation rate, dTEC_f/dt. It is found that both dTEC_f/dt and δTEC_f are closely related with the solar zenith angles. To explain the observation results, we derived a simple relationship between the partial derivative of the flare-induced TEC, ∂TEC_f/∂t, which is a good approximation for dTEC_f/dt, and the solar zenith angle χ, as well as the effective flare radiation flux I_f, according to the well-known Chapman theory of ionization. The derived formula predicted that ∂TEC_f/∂t is proportional to I_f and inverse proportional to Chapman function ch(χ). This theoretical prediction not only explains the correlation of dTEC_f/dt and δTEC_f with χ as shown in our TEC observation, but also gives a way to deduce I_f from TEC observation of GPS network. Thus, the present work shows that GPS observation is a powerful tool in the observation and investigation of solar flare effects on the ionosphere, i.e., the sudden ionospheric disturbances, which is a significant phenomenon of space weather.     

PAN原丝预氧化工艺与氧元素含量相关性研究

利用差热、热重以及元素分析等测试手段测定了预氧化纤维中氧含量,分析了纤维的吸水性对氧含量测定结果的影响,讨论了预氧化温度、走丝速度及牵伸倍数与氧含量的关系,研究了预氧丝氧含量与碳纤维拉伸强度之间的关系.实验结果表明:不同预氧化纤维的吸水性对氧含量的测定结果有不同的影响;氧含量随温度的升高而增加,且温度越高,增加幅度越大;走丝速率越慢,相同温度下氧含量越高;预氧化低温牵伸有利于氧元素的扩散;可以从氧含量接近或处于10%～12%范围的预氧丝中制得较高强度的碳纤维,否则很难制得好的碳纤维.